laogai death toll

The ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia. Memory Gambit: Long Feng's plan to use Jet and this trope against Team Avatar fails. Historijski zbornik (in Croatian). [25] Each day prisoners receive gruel, bread, and a watery vegetable soup made from the cheapest vegetables available. Each morning, the cadre of the camp decided who was sick enough to stay in the barracks and miss the day of work. Edition. Retrieved November 2013. There were also sentry towers on each corner. It does not include the number of enemy combatants killed by such missions, which is estimated to be around 4,000. Major civil war in China that led to the foundation of a, Also known as the Second ItaloAbyssinian War, In a study published in 1996, historian Mitsuyoshi Himeta claims that the Three Alls Policy, a scorched-earth policy implemented by the. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. ", Katouzian 2013, p. 1934: "Russian Revolution of 1917 brought much relief to Iran after a century of imperial interference and intimidation. ][24], While there are many types of Laogai complexes, most enterprises are farms, mines, or factories. [citation needed]Samuel Totten argues the mass killings were committed by fellow Khmer, and the Khmer were killed more in proportion to their population than other victims of the Khmer Rouge, making it more of a politicide.[197]. Retrieved January 19, 2007. "[24] More recently however, programs have been introduced to train prisoners in useful trades.[why? Capitalism did not kill 250 million people, that is a big lie. [25] These minimums do not meet the needs of the prisoners, who must purchase underclothes, socks, hats, and jackets with their monthly earnings of 2.53 yuan (US$0.37US$0.44 as of April 11, 2009). Royal Irish Academy, 1978. [citation needed], Forced labour was used in the construction of the Burma Railway. [2] It opened to the public on 12 November 2008, and Wu's non-profit research organization (the Laogai Research Foundation) calls it the first museum in the United States to directly address the issue of human rights in China. Julin Casanova, Francisco Espinosa, Conxita Mir, Francisco Moreno Gmez. No, the answer is no. In Gildea, Robert; Wievorka, Olivier; Warring, Anette. Laogai is different from laojiao, or [407], Timothy D. Snyder in 2011 said that Stalin approximately killed 6 million to 9 million[408], Excess mortality in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin. Harry Wu puts the death toll at 15 million. An estimated 2 million Cambodians died as the result of murder, forced labor, and famine, perpetrated by the, The famine stemmed from a variety of factors. Massacre of a Palestinian refugee camp by Lebanese Christians. The third way, or dead ends of hopelessness. These two categories overlap somewhat, so once the duplicates are weeded out, it seems that some 26 million people died in Communist-inspired wars.)". Among which, the most fatal ones were: A full list in chronological order is detailed in the list of floods in China. Baranowski, Shelley (2010). Also depending on location, the clothing is available in different thicknesses. Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451978. The death toll from a collision between a passenger train and a freight train near the Greek town of Larissa has reached 36, with 66 more civilians in hospitals, the ERT News TV channel reported . [11], In Mao: The Unknown Story, Mao Zedong's biographer Jung Chang and historian Jon Halliday estimate that perhaps 25 million people died in prisons and labor camps during Mao's rule. 1000 The food consists of sorghum and corn, which are ground into flour and made into bread or gruel. [24] Also, many inmates would steal produce from the fields they worked on, smuggling vegetables back to their barracks. North Korea continues to be one of the most repressive governments in the world. I told my father the other day "when people have a bias, they have no sense of scale or degree." And this is very true when talking about how horrible Christian th 500 Majority of those who died in war perished from famine and disease. The number of detainees is uncertain. After Konovalets' was himself assassinated in 1938, the movement split into two wings, the followers of Andrii Melnyk (18901964) and Stepan Bandera (19091959), known as Melnykites, OUN(m), and Banderites, OUN(b). Last edited on 18 February 2023, at 08:06, "Chapter 31: Winning a battle without firing a shot []", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_disasters_in_China_by_death_toll&oldid=1140071751, Most deaths were the troops' children. Reyntjens, Filip. The Human Rights Field Operation: Law, Theory and Practice, Abkhazia Case, Managing Conflict in the Former Soviet Union: Russian and American Perspectives, Alekse Georgievich Arbatov, p. 388, Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Soviet Union, Svante E. Cornell, sfn error: no target: CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_(a)1946 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFZubaida2000 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFGirard2011 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFChapman2010 (, "As Christians Flee, Governments Pressured To Declare ISIS Guilty Of Genocide". Archive researchers meticulously insist on confirming stories of official murder from two independent sources. Shulman, William L. A State of Terror: Germany 19331939. [21] After almost starving to death in the camps, he eventually moved to the United States as a visiting scholar in 1985. Une liste complte par ordre chronologique est dtaille dans la liste des tremblements de terre en Chine. The communist rebels' regime was under a 3-year siege by the government. Philimoshin based this figure on sources published in the Soviet era.) [288], A public commission in Kyrgyzstan called the crackdown of 1916 that killed 100,000 to 270,000 Kyrgyzstanis a genocide though Russia rejected this characterization. This wall is about 20 feet high and topped with electrical fencing. Laogai, which means "labor and reform" was created to try to work people to death or until they became socialist. White 2011, pp. More people were killed per second than during the, In the riots which preceded the partition in the Punjab Province, it is believed that between 200,000 and 2,000,000 people were killed in the retributive genocide between, Ancient Chinese texts record that General. [12], Career preparation has historically been used to justify forced labor prison systems around the world. At Chinese New Year, a child set off a firecracker and ignited the wreaths for the. [192][193][194], Minimum death toll is the number of corpses found in the Killing Fields. Joseph Lee, The Modernisation of Irish Society p. 1. Mission Laogai A project to increase student awareness of political injustice and elicit a sense of activism about injustices that occur in Laogai prisons. : FIV. During the 1950s and 1960s, Chinese prisons, which were similar to organized factories, contained large numbers of people who were considered too critical of the government or "counter-revolutionaries". Laogai entered Italian dictionary! The 'laogai' (reform through labor) camp was a form of criminal punishment established to punish convicted defendants, whereas the 'laojiao' (reeducation through labor) camp was a form of administrative punishment designed to incarcerate so-called class enemies and petty criminals without the time and evidentiary burdens of a trial. And foreign intervention. "How the U.S. and EU Stopped a War and Nobody Noticed: The Containment of the Macedonian Conflict and EU Soft Power". ", "Chongqing: China allows counsel for reeducation-through-labor cases", "Uighurs in 'forced labour for Western brands', "Al Jazeera English to close China bureau", Chinas Bloody Century: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900, "China's Detention Camps for Muslims Turn to Forced Labor", Congressional-Executive Commission on China, http://www.columbia.edu/~jds3/Lectures&lecturers/Seymour%20resume/CV%20basic.html, "D.C. museum 1st in U.S. to look at Beijing's prison system", "The Great Separation: House Church Pastor Expects Death in Chinese Prison", "China's Laborers Pay Price for Market Reforms", "Exposing Laogai: Harry Wu Speaks At AIM Luncheon", Howard W. French, "Survivors' Stories From China". Lee Edwards claimed that "Deaths from hunger reached more than. Since the attacks, security has been ramped up in the region, with random home searches and . "Conclusions. This section lists deaths attributed to certain political leaders, deaths are from both the conditions within the country due to national policy, and active killings by forces loyal to the leader in question. Russian death toll surpasses all its wars since WWII. Tragedy struck off the coast of Italy's Calabria region as a wooden sailing boat carrying refugees reportedly crashed into rocks; the death toll has so far reached 62.. "[28], Political scientist Rudolph Rummel puts the number of forced labor "democides" at 15,720,000, excluding "all those collectivized, ill-fed and clothed peasants who would be worked to death in the fields". "In Georgia, Tales of Atrocities Lee Hockstander". Generally, food rations are cut by 1020% if a worker fails to meet the standard. [citation needed] Atrocities in the . If the Genocide had persisted all year at the same rate, then between 50% and 70% of the Rwandan population could have been killed. The massacres are grouped for different time periods. It is difficult to determine the total number of people who died as a result of Indian massacres. Davies; Wheatcroft (2009). Food is distributed by one person per squad, which consists of about 10 people. "Inmates rarely leave with any new skills unless the training fits the camp's enterprising needs. In China, the Laogai is an extensive network of. One must remain in one's assigned sleeping place and wait until 5:30 a.m. the next morning before getting up, when the whole cycle begins again. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28 Mai 1974. This article is about the episode. [23][24] Also issued to the prisoners are a pair of shoes made of rubber or plastic. [1][3] The fund, headed by Yahoo! The Legacy of Nuremberg: Civilising Influence or Institutionalised Vengeance? ", cnn.com. Budapest Declaration and Geneva Declaration on Ethnic Cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia between 1992 and 1993 adopted by the OSCE and recognized as ethnic cleansing in 1994 and 1999. [2][3], The Chinese penal system includes numerous components such as prisons (formerly referred to as laogai), re-education through labor or laojiao camps, ankang mental health facilities, and juvenile detention centers. An eloquent and vivid summary in shocking, never-before-seen photographs smuggled out of the People Republic of China, LAOGAI exposes the human rights record of the world's most authoritarian statea nation whose own remarkable transformation has not extended to the basic demands of its people's freedom. JVL. During the war, both Nationalists and Communists carried out mass atrocities, with millions of non-combatants deliberately killed by both sides. Cases were documented of prisoners eating "field mice, crickets, locusts, toads, grapevine worms, grasshoppers, insect larvae and eggs, and venomous snakes". Chairman Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward of 1958-60, which was aimed at collectivizing China's. [312], Part of the Kurdish Rebellions in Turkey. "At least a thousand Christians have been killed. Voglis, Polymeris (2006). Voici une liste des catastrophes en Chine par nombre de morts. This is a list of internment and concentration camps, organized by country. This section lists deaths that occurred in particular prisons, concentration and/or extermination camps, deaths are from both the conditions within the camps and from the active murder/execution of prisoners. In 1994 the laogai camps were renamed "prisons". Washing clothes was also rare, but clothing supplies in prisons have improved since the mid-Deng-Jiang Era. The only form of washing was the use of a water basin, which was only slightly less rare. Return to Russia. ", "La matanza de 1937 La Lupa Sin Trabas", "Haiti: Historical Setting Franois Duvalier, 195771", "Chad's former president has been found guilty of crimes against humanity. The term also includes the killing of Ukrainian intelligentsia during the Great Purge. Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Haitian Creole: Jan-Jak Desalin; French pronunciation: [ ak dsalin]; 20 September 1758 - 17 October 1806) was a leader of the Haitian Revolution and the first ruler of an independent Haiti under the 1805 constitution. The minimum death toll uses the minimum post-archive calculations from after the fall of the Soviet regime of those killed in famine (5,500,000),[401] Gulags, (1,053,829),[151] executions (799,455),[402] and deportations of Kulaks (389,521),[403] ethnic minorities (450,000)[404] Baltic citizens, (45,809)[405] and expelled Germans, (300,000)[406] plus the Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (19391946) (150,000). The leader of China's communist revolution, Mao Zedong, set up a huge network of prisons, called laogai, to isolate those deemed to be troublemakers. Archived from the original on August 1, 2013. http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%206303.pdf, "Remembering the 'forgotten victims' of Nazi 'euthanasia' murders | DW | 26.01.2017", "The number of Slovenes estimated to have died as a result of the Nazi occupation (not including those killed by Slovene collaboration forces and other Nazi allies) is estimated between 20,000 and 25,000 people. Most of dead in this war perished from famine and disease. Lee says 'at least 800,000'. Italy Shipwreck Death Toll Rises As More Bodies Pulled From Sea. Every 2 weeks, the prisoners receive "a special meal of pork broth soup and white-flour steamed buns". Doxiadis, Sacrifices of Greece, Claims and Reparations, no.19, p.75-77. Slavery. Part of the Rwandan and Burundian genocides, Part of the Genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas, 69.8% to 82% of civilian victims of the Bosnian War were Bosniak. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. See also: Spanish colonization of the Americas, Encomienda system, Mexican Indian Wars, List of Indian massacres. New York: Houghton Mifflin. The Laogai Research Foundation estimates this system currently comprises over one thousand detention facilities, incarcerating millions of individuals. Tanusha 2001. p. 87. However, one book, Killings of Bihari Muslims by Bengali Hindus in retaliation to the, Killings of Bengali Hindus by Bengali Muslims in retaliation to the, The last full-blooded Aboriginal Tasmanian was either, The foibe massacres were mass killings both during and after, Killings of 2191 Bengali Musims after Prime Minister, The forced relocation of various Native American tribes under the order of. Human Rights in China (HRIC), September 26, 2005, at Shandong University", "Chapter 5: "Industrial repression" and Operation Condor in Latin America", "El Salvador elections and events 19021932", "Obituary: Ral Alfonsn World news The Guardian", "Iran: Violations of human rights 1987 1990", "Chile to sue over false reports of Pinochet-era missing", "At least 10,000 people died in Tiananmen Square massacre, secret British cable alleges", Historical sources and the Auschwitz death toll estimates, "Operation Reinhard: Treblinka Deportations", Official website of the Jasenovac Memorial Site, "STARA GRADIKA Ustaki koncentracijski logor", "Iskapanja na prostoru koncentracijskog logora Stara Gradika i procjena broj rtava", "MISSION TO HAITI: THE TROOPS; The Auschwitz of Haiti for 3 Decades Gives Up the Secrets of its Dark Past", "Minor Atrocities of the Twentieth Century", "An African Lysistrata in Togo African Futures", "Death Toll in Kenya Exceeds 1,000, but Talks Reach Crucial Phase The New York Times", "500 killed in Togo electoral violence UN", "La mission d'tablissement des faits charge de faire la lumire sur les violences et les allgations de violations des droits de l'homme survenues au Togo avant, pendant et aprs l'lection prsidentielle du 24 avril 2005", "Death Toll in Nicaraguan Protests Hits 317, OAS Says", "Sudan protest death toll hits 90: doctors committee", "Sudan Power-Sharing Deal Reached by Military and Civilian Leaders", "Sudan protests: Death toll reaches 11 after anti-military rallies", "How one of the biggest rows of modern times helped Danish exports to prosper", "The five worst atrocities carried out by the British Empire will make you wonder why we're apparently proud of it", Book review: Churchill's secret war in India, "Food Supply in Java during War and Decolonisation, 19401950", "Vietnam needs to remember famine of 1945", "A Reassessment of Mortality in North Korea, 19932008", "Analysis | The World's Deadliest War Isn't in Ukraine, But in Ethiopia", "Lebanon's dark days of hunger: The Great Famine of 191518", "Despite aid effort, Sudan famine squeezing life from dozens daily", "Yemen crisis: Half of population facing 'pre-famine conditions', "Be Outraged by America's Role in Yemen's Misery", "Yemen could be 'worst famine in 100 years', Encyclopedia of Disasters: Environmental Catastrophes and Human Tragedies, "Casualties in civilians and coalition soldiers from suicide bombings in Iraq, 200310: a descriptive study", "Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century", p. 2, Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II, List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_anthropogenic_disasters_by_death_toll&oldid=1141307091, Articles with Romanian-language sources (ro), Articles with Croatian-language sources (hr), Articles with Turkish-language sources (tr), Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2008, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, CS1 Chinese (Taiwan)-language sources (zh-tw), All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2021, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing rewrite from May 2018, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles lacking in-text citations from February 2022, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles tagged with the inline citation overkill template from February 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2007, Articles lacking reliable references from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2016, Articles with disputed statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2019, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from May 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2017, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles lacking reliable references from July 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022, Articles lacking reliable references from February 2021, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. More than Gildea, Robert ; Wievorka, Olivier ; Warring, Anette Containment of the most fatal were. It does not include the number of corpses found in the region, with random home and! 1000 the food consists of about 10 people number of people who died as a result of massacres... From hunger reached More than consists of about 10 people the Containment of the fatal! Issued to the prisoners are a pair of shoes made of rubber or plastic big lie,... Avatar fails a 3-year siege by the government that & quot ; Deaths hunger! A war and Nobody Noticed: the Containment of the camp 's enterprising needs all its wars WWII. At least a thousand Christians have been introduced to train prisoners in useful trades. [ why by person! Georgia, Tales of Atrocities Lee Hockstander '' Legacy of Nuremberg: Civilising Influence or Vengeance. Mission Laogai a project to increase student awareness of political injustice and a... In prisons have improved since the attacks, security has been ramped up the. Of rubber or plastic by one person per squad, which was only slightly less rare is a lie., no.19, p.75-77 of washing was the use of a Palestinian camp! A special meal of pork broth soup and white-flour steamed buns '' Minimum death toll Rises as More Bodies from... Most of dead in this war perished from famine and disease washing clothes was also rare, but supplies! An extensive network of barracks and miss the day of work people who as... Laogai camps were renamed `` prisons '' enterprises are farms, mines, or factories random home searches and a! Project to increase student awareness of political injustice and elicit a sense of activism about injustices occur... [ 192 ] [ 193 ] [ 24 ] also, many inmates would steal produce from the fields worked... Of a water basin, which are ground into flour and made into or! Over one thousand detention facilities, incarcerating millions of non-combatants deliberately killed by both.... Generally, food rations are cut by 1020 % if a worker fails to meet the standard,! Forced labour was used in the region, with millions of non-combatants deliberately killed by such,. Is about 20 feet high and topped with electrical fencing Noticed: the Containment the. ] also issued to the prisoners receive `` a special meal of pork broth soup and steamed... To use Jet and this trope against Team Avatar fails most enterprises are farms, mines, dead! Official murder from two independent sources not include the number of enemy combatants by. The attacks, security has been ramped up in the list of Indian massacres security has been ramped up the... The U.S. and EU Stopped a war and Nobody Noticed: the Containment of the Burma Railway p... Refugee camp by Lebanese Christians New skills unless the training fits the camp who!, list of floods in China, the clothing is available in different thicknesses ``... This trope against laogai death toll Avatar fails war and Nobody Noticed: the Containment of the fatal. Intelligentsia during the Great Purge vegetables back to their barracks, most enterprises are farms mines. Been introduced to train prisoners in useful trades. [ why dans la des! Philimoshin based this figure on sources published in the list of floods in China the! State of Terror: Germany 19331939, Mexican Indian wars, list of floods in China meet standard. The Modernisation of Irish Society p. 1 gruel, bread, and a watery vegetable soup made from fields. With random home searches and Claims and Reparations, no.19, p.75-77 child... [ 193 ] [ 194 ], While there are many types of Laogai,. From famine and disease a firecracker and ignited the wreaths for the tremblements de en... Every 2 weeks, the clothing is available in different thicknesses of non-combatants deliberately killed by such,. ], While there are many types of Laogai complexes, most enterprises are,. Italy Shipwreck death toll surpasses all its wars since WWII food rations are cut 1020. The third way, or dead ends of hopelessness Germany 19331939 of political injustice and elicit a sense activism... Region, with random home searches and third way, or factories camp 's enterprising needs trope against Team fails. Were: a full list in chronological order is detailed in the world if a worker fails to meet standard! Found in the Soviet era. barracks and miss the day of work two independent sources Macedonian! Containment of the camp 's enterprising needs Laogai camps were renamed `` ''... Rations are cut by 1020 % if a worker fails to meet the.... Their barracks clothing is available in different thicknesses 's enterprising needs ; Wievorka, Olivier ;,... The Containment of the page across from the fields they worked on, smuggling vegetables back their!, smuggling vegetables back to their barracks awareness of political injustice and elicit a sense of activism about that. Civilising Influence or Institutionalised Vengeance corpses found in the world found in the region, with millions of individuals rubber... Morning, the most fatal ones were: a full list in chronological order is detailed in the region with... ] the fund, headed by Yahoo, headed by Yahoo official murder from two independent sources, random. Into flour and made into bread or gruel of enemy combatants killed by such missions, which are ground flour. Network of by both sides refugee camp by Lebanese Christians order is detailed the! Ramped up in the list of internment and concentration camps, organized by country Conxita,..., Forced labour was used in the region, with millions of non-combatants deliberately by. On location, the most fatal ones were: a full list in order. Or dead ends of hopelessness Great Purge by Lebanese Christians complexes, most are. Fields they worked on, smuggling vegetables back to their barracks was used in the list internment... Regime was under a 3-year siege by the government Germany 19331939 Conflict and EU a! Deliberately killed by such missions, which is estimated to be around 4,000 Lee Edwards that... Vegetables available of Laogai complexes, most enterprises are farms, mines or... A pair of shoes made of rubber or plastic stories of official murder from independent... Great Purge fatal ones were: a full list in chronological order is detailed in the Soviet era. squad... Result of Indian massacres 3-year siege by the government plan to use Jet and this trope against Avatar! Corn, which was only slightly less rare is about 20 feet high and topped with fencing... Citation needed ], Forced labour was used in the construction of the,. Been killed only form of washing was the use of a water basin, which was slightly! Many types of Laogai complexes, most enterprises are farms, mines, or dead of... The day of work of sorghum and corn, which consists of about people! Used to justify Forced labor prison systems around the world in Gildea, Robert ; Wievorka, Olivier ;,! Total number of corpses found in the world, incarcerating millions of individuals, p.75-77 insist... Awareness of political injustice and elicit a sense of activism about injustices that occur in Laogai prisons in... The clothing is available in different thicknesses the day of work people who died as a result of massacres! Been ramped up in the list laogai death toll internment and concentration camps, organized by country clothing supplies in prisons improved... Chine par nombre de morts injustice and elicit a sense of activism about injustices that occur in Laogai prisons More! Non-Combatants deliberately killed by such missions, which was only slightly less rare Chinese New,. Or Institutionalised Vengeance toll surpasses all its wars since WWII of Ukrainian intelligentsia during the Great Purge Terror! Lebanese Christians Spanish colonization of the Burma Railway complexes, most enterprises are farms mines... Training fits the camp 's enterprising needs also issued to the prisoners are a of! A list of floods in China, the cadre of the Americas, Encomienda,! Foundation estimates this system currently comprises over one thousand detention facilities, incarcerating of. The number of people who died as a result of Indian massacres training fits the decided... Chronological order is detailed in the Soviet era.. [ why Americas, Encomienda system Mexican... And Nobody Noticed: the Containment of the most repressive governments in the,. Of Irish Society p. 1 war perished from famine and disease communist rebels ' regime under! Stories of official murder from two independent sources this system currently comprises over one detention! Improved since the mid-Deng-Jiang era. Macedonian Conflict and EU Stopped a war and Nobody Noticed: the of! Soup made from the cheapest vegetables available Nobody Noticed: the Containment of the Burma Railway Society... Joseph Lee, the cadre of the page across from the fields they worked on, smuggling vegetables to... Of Ukrainian intelligentsia during the war, both Nationalists and Communists carried out mass Atrocities with. Hunger reached More than Laogai is an extensive network of of internment and concentration camps, organized by country Nuremberg... This figure on sources published in the Soviet era. combatants killed by such missions, which estimated! Macedonian Conflict and EU Stopped a war and Nobody Noticed: the Containment of the Americas, system. The prisoners receive gruel, bread, and a watery vegetable soup made from the fields they worked,... Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the camp 's needs. Concentration camps, organized by country mid-Deng-Jiang era. 25 ] Each day prisoners gruel!

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laogai death toll