Jewish Communities Beginning in 1627, Jews were granted the right to settle, at first exclusively, in Karlsburg. Those areas pertained to the neighbouring and emerging Romanian medieval principalities of Moldavia (to the east) and Wallachia (to the south). residence, nationality). work-related (occupation name or an allusion to a The Transylvanian Saxon population has been steadily decreasing since World War II as they started leaving the territory of present-day Romania en masse during and after World War II, relocating initially to Austria, then predominantly to southern Germany (especially in Bavaria). Such an attack would often stem from the Cumans, for example, or from the Pechenegs. After the end of World War I, on 8 January 1919, the representatives of the Transylvanian Saxons decided to support the unification of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania. Christian Tell, former mayor of Bucharest. It was very hard at the beginning when our neighbours left, and when my best friend left as well that was very tough.. during Roman times, those affiliations seem to have been lost during the Dark That area was important for mining in the Middle Ages. Biertan fortified church (German: Birthlm) was the see of the Evangelical Lutheran Bishop in Transylvania between 1572 and 1867. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Romanian Saxon villages might be tiny, but the churches are mighty. Numerous Saxons have emigrated to Germany, especially after the fall of the Eastern Bloc in 1989 and are represented by the Association of Transylvanian Saxons in Germany. In 1945 more than 70,000 Transylvanian Saxons were apprehended by Soviet occupiers and deported to labour camps in Siberia. Moreover, under the title of Schulthei, ethnic Germans were even briefly in charge of some of these settlements during the High Middle Ages. Stelle-verwandt (aktuelle Wohnung-Stelle, ehemaliger Wohnsitz, Fieraru - This is an occupational surname that means "blacksmith." Fischer - This Romanian surname means "fisherman." Funar - This last name means "rope maker." Maier - This is the short form of the Romanian word meaning "farmer. 47. [38] Historically, the town of Suceava has also been known in Old High German as Sedschopff. dr. Thomas Ngler", Unsere Deutsche Wurzeln/Our German Roots - Namensemantik (Deutung) der Siebenbrgisch-Schsische Familliennamen (Surnames), Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages, An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA, The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch, Transylvanian placenames in different languages, General forum for the Transylvanian Saxons, 'Hover & Hear' pronunciations in the Transylvanian Saxon language, Visual short story about the Transylvanian Saxons (with many archive images), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transylvanian_Saxons&oldid=1141880666, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Articles containing Hungarian-language text, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles containing Spanish-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:28. It . Structured data. The latter region, centered around the town of Mhlbach (Romanian: Sebe), was known as Unterwald. Today, Romanias Saxon population is around just 12,000, most of whom are elderly. The Transylvanian Saxons, called like that since medieval times, are representing a western population with unknown origin, settled in the Arch of Romanian Carpathian Mountains in the earliest of the 12th century. ), Die SS nach 1945: Entschuldungsnarrative, populre Mythen, europische Erinnerungsdiskurse, Paul Milata, Motive rumniendeutscher Freiwilliger zum Eintritt in die Waffen-SS in Die Waffen-SS, Neue Forschungen, Series; Krieg in der Geschichte, "SZAB M. ATTILA - Betekints az erdlyi szszok autonmijba", "Hencles reteta de lichiu sasesc cu unt, oua, smantana", "DESTINAII CU GUST Sibiu: Aperitive sseti - cornulee cu carne", "Brodelawend ciorb tradiional sseasc", "Hinweise zur Schreibung der siebenbrgisch-schsischen Ortsnamen", "Transylvanian Saxon (Siweberjesch Sksesch)", "Siebenbrgen, Land des Segens (Siebenbrgen-Lied)", "Curriculum vitae Prof. univ. Nachnamen sind heute wichtig Individuellen und Familien ber Zeit zu identifizieren. The most common surnames are Pop / Popa ("the priest"). The Hungarians, on the other hand, supported complete unification of Transylvania with the rest of Hungary. Although his actions were ultimately rescinded, many Saxons began to see themselves as being a small minority opposed by nationalist Romanians and Hungarians. [13] Later on, they had to further strengthen their hometowns and rural settlements against the expanding Ottoman Empire which posed a major threat from the south. The represents the sound [r], which exists in some dialects of Latvian, but not in . A vocabulary list of the Transylvanian Saxon dialect spoken in Zeiden (Codlea) presented by Gert-Werner Liess. 4 of these people had two surnames. They were given special royal privileges in the Andrean Diploma in 1224 ( Der Goldene Brief der Sachsen ). The initial waves of Transylvanian Saxons were referred to as hospites flandrenses et teutonici or primi hospites regni in Latin,[12] literally "the Flemish and Teutonic guests" or "the first guests of the kingdom" (i.e. Die After the fall of communism in 1989, around 90% of the Saxons who remained fled Transylvania within a few months. Typische Schsische Familiennamen - Typical Saxon Family Names, Mehr Siebenbrgische Familiennamen Sighioara citadel, arguably the most authentic and best preserved medieval town in Europe. associated with Transylvanian villages - Source: sszdied database The letters f and h only appear in loanwords. The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of mainly German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania in various waves, starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century. Lots has changed [in our community], Linzing said. For decades, the main task of the German settlers was to defend the southeastern border of the Kingdom of Hungary. [14] As per the latest Romanian census conducted in 2022, their numbers are even fewer, as those of the entire German community in Romania as well. Allegedly, the term Saxon was applied to all Germans of these historical regions because the first German settlers who came to the Kingdom of Hungary were either poor miners or groups of convicts from Saxony.[23]. identifiers could change. He described the Transylvanian Saxons, who had for centuries preserved their language and customs among foreign peoples, as enlightened colonists par excellence. Additionally, it is equally important to mention the fact that the family name 'Sas' or 'Sasu' in Romanian and 'Szsz' respectively in Hungarian could denote both an ethnic lineage as well as a social liaison to the Saxon title awarded in Transylvania during the High Middle Ages. It is, therefore, very important to highlight the fact that not all Transylvanian Saxon settlers were German-speaking given the fact that they also stemmed from the contemporary Low Countries (i.e. Although the Saxons did their best to resist and even tried to valiantly fight back the Mongol invaders, their resistance was eventually turned down by the Mongols and many of their settlements were destroyed or ruined in the process. In a small room hangs a black-and-white photo of her great aunt. Bogdan. 3. Apply this search to the main name collection, the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name, search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes, this field understands simple boolean logic, force a term to be included by preceding it with a, force a term to be excluded by preceding it with a, sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations, syllables can only be counted in names that have been assigned pronunciations, names without pronunciations are excluded from results. The similarities with Luxembourgish are both in lexical nature and grammar nature. 9. 10. original holder of the name, there are, Neben den in der Heimat gewachsenen Nachnamen nimmt die Liste von "devotee of"). The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for Transylvanian Saxons . But while scores of friends and family embarked on their migration to other lands, mostly Germany and Austria, Linzing remained in Malancrav along with generations of elderly family members who were too old to consider uprooting themselves from their ancestral homeland. This word in Romanian means 'bushy beard.'. . Although the Hungarian control over Transylvania was defeated by Austrian and Imperial Russian forces in 1849, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (German: Ausgleich) between Austria and Hungary in 1867 did not represent a positive transformation for the political rights of the Saxons. Even though Transylvania is today a part of Romania, historically it belonged to various medieval rulers. beschreiben oder auch ihre Persnlichkeit und Manierismen). Along with the largely Hungarian-Transylvanian nobility and the Szkelys, the Transylvanian Saxons were members of the Unio Trium Nationum (or 'Union of the Three Nations'), which was a charter signed in 1438. Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania. Lupu. Map depicting the local autonomies in the Kingdom of Hungary during the 13th century (blue grey denotes Transylvanian Saxon autonomous medieval seats/territories). Cine le-a dat denumirea de sai colonitilor germani adui n Ardeal", "Twist in the tale of Pied Piper's kidnapping", "Alma Vii, Transylvania - The Transylvanian Saxons", "Kirchenburgen und mittelalterliche Kirchen in Siebenbrgen Landkarte". the "national church" of the Transylvanian Saxons (or the people's church of the Saxons). The new pro-Soviet government of Romania suppressed their historical rights and confiscated properties. [36] In the case of the first settlement (i.e. . Erkennungsnamen haben, und diese Erkennungsnamen konnten verndert Erkennungsnamen wurden, As communities got larger and people were more mobile or prestige-conscious, Dunesdorf - Grosslasseln - Halvelagen - Kreisch - Malmkrog - Peschendorf Although the Saxons did their best to resist, many settlements were destroyed. mannerisms). Angehrige verschiedene Stmmewaren, gingen diese Mitgliedschaften In Romanian, it is also known as lichiu ssesc or just lichiu. Almost all became Lutheran Protestants, with very few Calvinists, while other minor segments of the Transylvanian Saxon society remained staunchly Catholic (of Latin Rite, more specifically) or were converted to Catholicism later on. know them. After the fall of communism in 1989, around 90% of the Saxons who remained fled Transylvania within a few months. ara Oltului in Romanian, after the German name for the Olt river, or the old land as in a word for word translation from German) or Hermannstadt Provinz, based around the picturesque well preserved medieval town of Hermannstadt, today's Sibiu. Today it is mostly known as the pseudonym of the German children's book author and illustrator . Ergnzt durch Logik und andere Forschungsquellen, u.a. siebenbrgischen Namen auch die jene Nachnamen auf die in den 17ten The tracht looks like a garment from a bygone era, and, with the changes the Saxon community has faced over the past few decades, to some degree it is. Trgu Neam), they could have been equally helped in establishing it by the Teutonic Knights. The letters ch, and were used until 1938, when ch was replaced by h, became o and became r. They were later reinstated, but were no longer used after 1957. 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