The high unemployment rate of the Iraq and Afghanistan veterans has made this need even more urgent. This episode of Social Science of War examines a range of issues related to Army talent managementfrom the ways in which service in the Army impacts a soldier's earning potential to how the Army is responding to its current recruiting crisis. But many observers say that the United States has neglected the veterans of later wars. The sociology of war is a subfield of sociology that focuses on the macro-level patterns of war making, how societies engage in warfare, the meaning that war has in society, and the relationship between state structure and war making. This percentage range is much higher than the 20 percent share of federal spending cited by the government solely for defense outlays. Pollin, R., & Garrett-Peltier, H. (2011). It . A prime example of this latter dynamic is the Vietnam War. to social improvement. ), The Routledge handbook of security studies (pp. As the Marcums situation indicates, spouses and other family members of veterans also are casualties of war. New York, NY: Penguin. Social science issues related to war. Using the example of Mozambique, Guatemala and others, this paper will discuss the way in which . What happened to a leaner, meaner military. This report concluded that the more money we spend on unneeded weapons programs, the more layoffs there will be of police officers, firefighters, teachers, and other workers whose jobs are funded directly or indirectly by federal spending.. In one example of what Tirman (2011, p. 153) calls a typical massacre, US soldiers arrived at a village that had just been bombed and ordered surviving residents to gather at the center of the town. If this high rate had held true during the twentieth century, 2 billion people would have died in twentieth-century wars rather than the 100 million who did die (Pinker, 2012). The war: A trillion can be cheap. Critics say these exports help fuel the worldwide arms race and international discord. The more they spend on their military (guns), the less they can spend on food for their poor and other domestic needs (butter). Despite this need, research on sexual assault in the military was scant before the early 2000s. An unknown number of civilians were burned severely or, if they were lucky, died. Image courtesy of Sgt. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. What it means to be a democrat. They add that the exports often go to nations ruled by dictators, who then use them to threaten their own people (Feinstein, 2011; Shah, 2011). If warlike tendencies were part of human genetic heritage, these convictions would not exist. The Nation. Explain why war is best understood as a social phenomenon and why nations go to war. Combining data on both types of exports, the United States sent $12.2 billion in arms deliveries to other nations in 2010. Tirman (2012) acknowledges that the carpet bombing, atomic bombing, and other actions in World War II that killed hundreds of thousands of civilians may have had strategic purposes, and the morality of these actions remains hotly debated today. As a reminder, the social science principles we focus on in this course are social roles, social institutions, social norms, and beliefs and values. Advancements were made in health care, education, transportation, communication . War also has impact beyond the consequences for civilians and veterans. A related subfield is military sociology, which focuses more explicitly on the organization and . Much of these mandatory expenses are funded by trust funds, such as Social Security taxes, which are raised and spent separately from income taxes. Dao, J. One teenager recalled the tensions that arose when his father was in Iraq: I was in eighth grade when my dad deployed to Iraq. Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars listed the hundreds of thousands of troop deaths in American wars. War has significant impacts, but perhaps most of all on civilians and veterans. Women veterans say that when they do report rape and sexual assault, military officials typically either blame them for what happened, ignore the crime altogether, or give the offender a very mild punishment such as not being allowed to leave a military base for a short period. However, other scientists dispute the evolutionary explanation for several reasons (Begley, 2009). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. The suicide rate of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans is thus more than three times higher than that of the general public (Martinez & Bingham, 2011). Many came back addicted to heroin and other drugs, many were unemployed, and many became homeless. Collier, E. C. (1993). Economic gangsters: Corruption, violence, and the poverty of nations. A popular explanation comes from the field of evolutionary biology and claims that a tendency toward warfare is hardwired into our genetic heritage because it conferred certain evolutionary advantages. In 2010, the US official military budget (defense outlays only) was $698 billion. Most of these victims were civilians, and most of these civilian deaths were the result of actions by the United States and its allies. This episode of Social Science of War examines a range of issues related to Army talent managementfrom the ways in which service in the. A social studies essay might be assigned to any middle school, high school, or college student. The thirteenth-century Mongolians killed their 40 million with battleaxes and other crude weapons; the World War II deaths resulted from gunfire and conventional bombs. Four decades later, questions of deceit were again raised after the United States began the war against Iraq because of its alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction. Although she survived, it took seventeen surgeries to turn her whole again. (2011). Statistical abstract of the United States: 2012. Causes of war. APA 950 words Get instant access to the full solution from yourhomeworksolutions by clicking the purchase button below The post Identify two social science issues related to war. The defense industry remains a powerful force in the US economy six decades after Eisenhower issued his warning, and US military spending continues unabated. Experts disagree over this issue. China ranked a distant second at $119 billion, followed by the United Kingdom at $60 billion and France at $49 billion (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010). Those two weapons were tiny in both number and size compared to nuclear weapons today. Cost equivalencies illustrate what is lost when so much money is spent on the military, especially on weapons systems that do not work and are not needed. That is the good news and the cause for hope. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. The chief academic disciplines of the social sciences are anthropology, economics, history, political science, and sociology. For example, the Iraq war that began in 2003 involved two countries more than any others, the United States and Iraq. Amherst, MA: Political Economy Research Institutes. ABSTRACT This essay examines ways in which American social science in the late twentieth century wasand was nota creature of the Cold War. Union of Concerned Scientists. In shedding light on the prevalence of military rape and sexual assault and on the many negative effects of these crimes, social science research has performed an important service. First, it excludes several military-related costs such as veterans benefits and interest on the national debt from past military spending. A major reason for this problem was that the Pentagon had begun building these systems before their designs had been completely tested. Audit of Pentagon spending finds $70 billion in waste. Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html. Usually included within the social sciences are cultural (or social) anthropology, sociology, psychology, political science, and economics. His bodys here, but his mind is not here anymore. New York Times, p. B4. War is sustained armed conflict that causes large-scale loss of life or extreme material destruction (Worrell, 2011, p. 1). The Three "Waves" That Built the Portfolio. The geopolitical nuclear landscape . Killer species. Conventional arms transfers to developing nations, 20032010. The enormity of war has long stimulated scholarly interest in why humans wage war (Levy & Thompson, 2010). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Peace Studies Program. Retrieved from http://defensenewsstand.com/NewsStand-General/The-INSIDER-Free-Article/dod-new-nuclear-subs-will-cost-347-billion-to-acquire-operate/menu-id-720.html. A central part of US military strategy in Vietnam involved destroying rice fields and the rest of the countryside to make it difficult for the Vietcong forces to engage in guerrilla warfare. The findings suggest that social integration may help war-affected youth achieve better life outcomes after traumatic events. A key focus of their concern was the use of napalm. Social science is the study of people: as individuals, communities and societies; their behaviours and interactions with each other and with their built, technological and natural environments. ABC News. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment Identify two social science issues related to war. (2012, January 2). (2012, January 12). Actually, we have not had a war between major powers since 1945. Americas defense meltdown: Pentagon reform for President Obama and the new Congress Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. It is a tremendously important branch of research that examines what it means to be a social being, how individuals function together as organized groups and societies, and how they interact with each other on issues of common interest. In World War II, Tirman adds, the United States dropped two atomic bombs that killed tens of thousands of civilians, and it joined its allies in the carpet bombing of German and Japanese cities that also killed hundreds of thousands. It includes studies of individuals and the . Students gain a deep understanding of the ways that social scientists and historians have analyzed the identities, experiences, and worldviews of U.S. military veterans. This course systematically identifies a comprehensive picture of current social issues and concerns in a school as they impact socio-cultural development; student safety and violence prevention; person/social development; and academic achievement. The Validity Crisis: Dysfunctions in Social Psychological Science Go Way Beyond Failed Replications Here is a brief sampling of additional problems that threaten the integrity of social. For example, the F-35 fighter aircraft has been plagued with management problems, huge cost-overruns, [and] substantial performance shortfalls, according to a recent news report (Kaplan, 2012). US veterans: By the numbers. But not all civilians are affected equally. The first is the thirteenth century, when the Mongol Empire under the initial leadership of Genghis Khan became an empire in Asia and Eastern Europe through wars and conquest in which it killed 40 million people. : an American History (Eric Foner) Interpersonal Communication (Kory Floyd) Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15, 267277. One Iraq veteran with these problems is Tom Marcum, who came home with a brain injury, PTSD, and fits of violence and short-term memory loss. To quote the title of a recent report, military spending is a poor job creator (Hartung, 2012). Week 1 Question 7 Identify two social science issues related toeducation. Choices under fire: Moral dimensions of World War II. "We need people who understand the tremendous technical problems and controversies that we face, but also that technical problems are never just technical. Between 1861 and 1865, at least 618,000 and perhaps as many as 750,000 soldiers in both the Union and the Confederacy died on the battlefield or from disease. Future research will no doubt build on existing studies to further illuminate this significant problem. "Surprisingly, the civilians within the conflict . Some think the United States needs to maintain and in fact increase its level of military spending, even with the Cold War long ended, to replace aging weapons systems, to meet the threat posed by terrorists and by rogue nations such as Iran, and to respond to various other trouble spots around the world. But veterans are casualties in other ways, as the news story that began this chapter made clear. In Vietnam, Tirman writes, American troops and planes routinely razed villages to the ground, killing villagers indiscriminately, and then evacuated any survivors. A closer analysis of the opportunities that social science offers the military shows, however, that it provides a variety of research and educational capabilities, . Kaplan, F. (2012, February 13). Fisman, R., & Miguel, E. (2010). Pew Research Center. Source: First F-35C Flight, Wikipedia, Last modified on November 20, 2011, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_F-35C_Flight.ogv. 1. We need to confront them to ensure equal treatment for everyone. The Vietnam War marked a time when many Americans became concerned about childrens suffering during wartime. Identify two social issues related to war 2 See answers Advertisement theblastmaster2000xd Answer: Class war is the most promitent in the united states right now (Coming from a communist and whos father was in the BPP) Explanation: That is a perspective I did not think about. As Chapter 15 Population and the Environment discussed, population growth may lead to armed conflict of various types, including war, because growing populations need more food, water, and other resources. Social Sciences runs special issues to create collections of papers on specific topics. The US employment effects of military and domestic spending priorities: 2011 update. As an economics writer wryly noted, So remember to take pride in American power, and remember that it comes at a very high price. In making this classic macroeconomics decision, the United States has much to learn from the wealthy nations of Europe. Daedalus, 133(4), 2535. Protesters at Dow Chemicals New York office carried signs that said, Napalm Burns Babies, Dow Makes Money.. Identify two social science issues related to education. The aim is to build a community of authors and readers to discuss the latest research and develop new ideas and research directions. To be blunt, American troops simply shot untold hundreds of Korean and Vietnamese civilians in cold blood. In 2011, military spending (defense outlays by the Department of Defense and certain other agencies; outlays include costs for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars) according to the government was approximately $768 billion. Washington, DC: Center for American Progress. Retrieved from http://business.time.com/2012/02/07/why-we-should-help-veterans-start-their-own-businesses/. Before the war, violent labor strikes were common in Britain and other European nations. Read summaries of the latest scientific research pertaining to a range of social issues. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Other types of less obvious social changes have also resulted from various wars. 1). 221232). Federation of American Scientists. The Note 16.13 Children and Our Future box discusses this problem in greater detail. However it is calculated, the US military budget is by far the highest in the world and in fact accounts for 43 percent of the worlds military spending. Choose one of the five social institutions. One major problem in this research literature is that different studies use different definitions and measures of sexual assault. The social sciences are concerned with the study of human society and with the relationship of individuals in, and to, society. More than 20,000 nuclear warheads now exist; 4,800 are operational and almost 2,000 (held by the United States and Russia) are on high alert, ready to be used at any time (Federation of American Scientists, 2011). . Introduction. The Nation. Trade-offs. This same sum could be used to pay the salaries of 10,000 new teachers earning $30,000 per year or to build twenty elementary schools at a cost of $15 million each. Although calculations are complex, total military spending accounted for an estimated 43 percent to 48 percent of discretionary spending in 2011 (Friends Committee on National Legislation, 2012; War Resisters League, 2012). One veteran recalled being gang raped by her drill sergeant and four other soldiers, who then broke several bones in her body and urinated on her. Worrell, M. P. (2011). That problem is rape, as at least one-fifth and perhaps as many as 84 percent of all military service are raped or sexually assaulted (including sexual harassment) by other military personnel (Turchik & Wilson, 2010). World War I again provides an interesting example of such changes. Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/nuclear_weapons/technical_issues/nuclear-weapons-overview.html. napalm sticks to kids. When it comes to our wars overseas, he adds, concern for the victims is limited to U.S. troops.. Indeed, the Marcums situation is far from rare among the families of the 2 million veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Their poverty forced many of these women to turn to prostitution to earn an income, resulting in a rise in prostitution after the war (Rafter, 1990). Arms trade: A major cause of suffering. Impact of Social Issues in Education. This education, extending over a period of nearly three years, is one based upon the very first principles of society, discipline, both mental and physical, and a recognition at once both of the. Although wars, other armed conflicts, terrorism, and genocide certainly continue, and 100 million is a terribly high number of deaths, the world overall is in fact more peaceful now than in the past. There is the natural fear that loved ones will never return from their overseas involvement in armed conflict. By contrast, The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspective views war through the lens of the social sciences, looking at the causes, processes and effects of war and drawing from a vast group of fields such as communication and mass media, economics, political science and law, psychology and sociology. They also say that the stationing of some 300,000 American troops on 865 military bases abroad at the time of this writing, including 81,000 troops in Europe and 220,000 in other nations, is hardly needed to ensure the nations defense. As wars end, young veterans return to scant jobs. Prompt: During the first week of the . National Priorities Project. Social Issues in Sports & Activities: Athletics. These effects are similar to those for civilians, and include anxiety, depression, PTSD, poorer physical health, and poorer job performance (in this case, their military duties). Stalsburg, B. L. (2011). Although the causes of World War II are complex, Hitlers effort to conquer much of Europe stemmed at least partly from his belief that Aryans (Germans and other Europeans with blond hair and blue eyes) were a superior species and non-Aryans were an inferior species (Bess, 2008). APA 950 words Get instant access to the full solution from by clicking the purchase button below $12.00 Added to cart Related Questions: Watch this clip from the popular TV show Adam Ruins Everything titled The Secret Reason Weed is Illegal . vanden Heuvel, K. (2011, June 13). The U.S. military does not need or want all officers to become social scientist researchers, but applied social science can nevertheless help develop strategic thinking because it: (1) focuses on human behavior and influence; (2) develops comfort with competing theories; (3) requires creativity; and (4) uses evidence and iteration to better . The better angels of our nature: Why violence has declined. Of these reported cases, only one-fifth went to trial, and only half of these defendants were convicted. Between the end of the colonial period and 1993, the US military was involved in at least 234 declared wars, undeclared wars, or other situations abroad involving actual or potential armed conflict (Collier, 1993). DOD: New nuclear subs will cost $347 billion to acquire, operate. Cross) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) Many veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have also come back home with these problems. Rape, sexual assault, and sexual harassment in the military: The quick facts. She also refused to display the American flag, saying, When I looked at the American flag, I used to see red, white, and blue. According to the Education Research Center, United States, around 7,000 high school students drop out of school every day.The high drop out rates are propelled by social issues in education as mentioned above. Identify two social science issues related to education. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. The United States has been at war in one-fifth of the years it has existed (Bumiller, 2010). To illustrate this trend, compare two periods of history (Pinker, 2012). Bacevich, A. One of these civilians was a 9-year-old girl named Phan Thi Kim Phuc. Looking after the soldier, back home and damaged. Ledbetter, J. There are also many innocent victims in wartime, but when children are victims, our hearts especially go out to them. Women veterans who are raped or sexually assaulted often suffer PTSD. Retrieved from http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf. The Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in the nations capital and so many other memorials across the nation remind us of the hundreds of thousands of brave men and women who have died serving their country. McKeeby, D. (2008, February 25). Some people think of war as a negative thing, and some people . Evidence from a national survey of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans underscores the problems they face (Pew Research Center, 2011). America.gov. By far, the most significant issue was poor leadership; 28% of . The issues and problems discussed so far in this chapter concern the nation's elementary and secondary schools in view of their critical importance for tens of millions of children and for the nation's social and economic well-being. Critics of the military budget argue that it is more accurate to cite its share of discretionary spending rather than its share of all federal spending (i.e., mandatory plus discretionary). The Washington Post. Answer preview to identify two social science issues related to war. Our services Expert answer:SNHU Social Science Issues Related to War and Educ by | Feb 16, 2022 | Uncategorized Solved by verified expert:Identify two social science issues related to war. Nuclear weapons overview. In fact, rape and sexual assault are the leading cause of PTSD among women veterans, while combat trauma is the leading cause of PTSD among male veterans. SCS 200 Week 1 Short Response Guidelines and Rubric Overview: The short response activities in the webtext throughout this course are designed to show your understanding of key concepts as you engage with course content. After they did so, US ground troops shot them and left a pile of dead bodies that included twenty-one children. April missed the man she used to know: The biggest loss is the loss of the man I married. Deaths in wars and conflicts in the 20th century. Their unemployment rate was 13.1 percent in December 2011, compared to only 8.5 percent for the general public; the unemployment rate for veterans ages 2024 was near 30 percent (Dewan, 2011; Zornick, 2012). Danner, M. (2006). Explores key concepts, issues, and trends in the interdisciplinary field of veterans studies. Social science is the scholarly study of human society and social relationships. Choose one of the five social institutions. The Washington Post. A popular explanation for war derives from evolutionary biology. It identifies important work by historians that calls into question the assumption that all social science during the Cold War amounts to "Cold War social science." These historians attribute significant agency to social scientists, showing how . Napalm bombs were used in World War II to set fire to cities, military bunkers, and other targets. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/165487/job-numbers-are-veterans-are-left-behind. Sexual assault in the US military: A review of the literature and recommendations for the future. Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. These experts say the military budget is bloated for at least four reasons. Turchik, J. Obamas defense cuts are a drop in the bucket. Advocates for veterans with severe physical or cognitive problems also urge the government to greatly expand its very small program of monthly cash payments to these veterans families to help replace their lost incomes (Einhorn, 2011). The war within: Americas battle over Vietnam. First, the defense industry is very effective at lobbying Congress for increased military spending, with the cozy relationship among members of the military-industrial complex helping to ensure the effectiveness of this lobbying. Even if they are less frequent and less deadly than in the past, that is of little comfort to the tens of millions of people around the world during the past century who died or otherwise suffered in war and other armed conflict and who live in fear today of becoming a victim of armed conflict. The social science research informs everything from national security to technology development to healthcare and economic management. A related problem is suicide. Historically and also today, nations in the Middle East and elsewhere have gone to war or are otherwise in conflict because of religious differences. Some 400,000 tons of napalm were used altogether. For example, it would be difficult for us as a society to work on natural science and engineering problems such as batteries, vaccines, etc., if we did not have a civil society, a functioning banking system, universal education, safe streets, etc.and all of these are social problems, not natural science problems. Each of these warheads is an average of at least twenty times more powerful than each of the atomic bombs that decimated Japan. This essay analyzes the different spheres that influenced one of the people with eating behavior problems according to the social-ecological model of health. Retrieved from http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,0,36%257E30137%257E,00.html. At the end of that war, however, the nuclear age began when the United States dropped two atomic weapons on Japan that killed tens of thousands instantly and tens of thousands more from radiation exposure. The Second World War triggered a series of rapid and far-reaching social changes in Newfoundland and Labrador. The Washington Post, p. B01. This episode of the Social Science of War podcast examines the challenges posed by cyber . War between nations is called international war, while war within nations is called civil war. To put that another way, between 43 percent and 48 percent of all federal income tax dollars were used for military expenditures that year. The Portfolio war podcast examines the challenges posed by cyber doubt build on studies! Of exports, the most significant issue was poor leadership ; 28 % of far! Nations of Europe situation indicates, spouses and other drugs, many were unemployed, and sociology war a... 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