Magellan could have tried Cartagena for mutiny and sentenced him to death, but at the urging of Quesada and Mendoza, he agreed to merely relieve Cartagena of his command of the San Antonio, and allow him to move freely within the confines of the Victoria. The first, sighted 24 January, they named San Pablo (likely Puka-Puka). After 11 days of hard trekking, the men arrived at St. Julian, exhausted and emaciated. Elcano and the Arrival at the MoluccasThe early departure from the Philippines led to a reorganization of the remaining crew. [96], On Sunday 31 March, Easter Day, Magellan and fifty of his men came ashore to Limasawa to participate in the first Catholic Mass in the Philippines, given by the armada's chaplain. 1906, A.H. Clark Co. in English. For without any doubt nobody hoped to escape from that storm.[46]. The 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas reserved for Portugal the eastern routes that went around Africa, and Vasco da Gama and the Portuguese arrived in India in 1498. The Voyage Around the WorldIn 2019, Spain celebrated 500 years since 5 ships set sail from Seville, heading west in search of a new route to the spices of the east. Magellan subsequently launched a counteroffensive against the mutineers aboard the Victoria. The rescue party found them all alive but exhausted, and they returned to St. Julian safely. On 7 April, Quesada was beheaded by his foster-brother and secretary, Luis Molina, who acted as executioner in exchange for clemency. [163], In line with the 500th celebration of Magellan's arrival in the Philippines on 2021, the National Quincentennial Committee will put up shrine markers to the points where the fleet anchored. Thats not hyperbole.. [46], The fleet spent 13 days in Rio, during which they repaired their ships, stocked up on water and food (such as yam, cassava, and pineapple), and interacted with the locals. The slave allegedly told the king that if he followed his advice, the king would acquire the ships and the goods of Magellan's fleet. BSOA 1-2P "The First Voyage Around the World" Antonio Pigafetta. All (or nearly all[n 5]) of the crew were able to clamber ashore before the ship capsized. On Sept. 20, 1519, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, with five ships and a crew of 270 men, set sail from Sanlucar de Barrameda in southern Spain, on what would become the first circumnavigation of the world. In 2017, Portugal submitted an application to UNESCO to honour the circumnavigation route; the proposal was for a World Heritage Site called "Route of Magellan". [55], The fleet sailed south along the South American coast, hoping to reach el paso, the fabled strait that would allow them passage past South America to the Spice Islands. Cebu had regular contact with Chinese and Arab traders and normally required that visitors pay tribute in order to trade. But he was in an awkward position when it came to his majority-Spanish crew and his royal mission. Beinecke MS 351, the text of which is divided into 57 numbered chapters, is the most complete and most handsomely . Seeing no Portuguese ships in the harbour, Magellan knew it would be safe to stop. [n 2] The Victoria was the only ship to complete the circumnavigation. Incredulous, Magellan led the fleet through the western waters again, taking frequent soundings. Map of South America (1630) by Gerardis MercatorisOriginal Source: Museo Naval. [90], The next day, Magellan retaliated, sending a raiding party ashore which looted and burned forty or fifty Chammoro houses and killed seven men. Madrid. Abstract. Fred. Find and create gamified quizzes, lessons, presentations, and flashcards for students, employees, and everyone else. Magellan's reputation suffered as a result, as did his friends and family. [99], When Magellan learned that a group on the island of Mactan, led by Lapu-Lapu, resisted Christian conversion, he ordered his men to burn their homes. When Cartagena declared that he would no longer follow Magellan's command, Magellan gave the signal for a number of armed loyalists to enter the room and take hold of Cartagena. In 1518, an agreement (the Capitulaciones de Valladolid) was signed between Magellan, his cosmographer Rui Faleiro, and the Spanish monarch to find a new western route to the Spice Islands that avoided the areas under Portuguese control. [76] Gomes was known to have feelings of animosity towards Magellan (as documented by Pigafetta, who wrote that "Gomes hated the Captain General exceedingly", because he had hoped to have his own expedition to the Moluccas funded instead of Magellan's[77]), and shortly before the fleet was separated, had argued with him about their next course of action. In addition to Pigafetta's surviving journal, 11 other crew members kept written accounts of the voyage: Since there was not a set limit to the east, in 1524 both kingdoms had tried to find the exact location of the antimeridian of Tordesillas, which would divide the world into two equal hemispheres and to resolve the "Moluccas issue". The importance of the Magellan-Elcano voyage far exceeded the original plans for the expedition. History Magazine. Who created it? #Magellan #Firstvoyage #PhilippineHistoryIn this video discussion, we will travel way back in time to rediscover one of the integral part of our Philippine h. On 11 January[n 4], a headland marked by three hills was sighted, which the crew believed to be "Cape Santa Maria". REFLECTION 3. He was the first human to circumvent the earth two times. Madrid. A monument that shows the battle itselfand the group effort that brought down an epic explorerwill take its place. Lived ca. Write the contribution and relevance of the following readingsin understanding the grand narrative of Philippine History: a. Kartilla ng Katipunan by Emilio Jacinto b. They were meant to regroup within a few days, but the San Antonio would never rejoin the fleet. World Rights. The first voyage around the world by Magellan was taken from the book of. [17], The fleet also carried flour and salted meat. Tierra del Fuego (18th century) by AnnimoOriginal Source: Museo Naval. Again, he also preached Christianity to the natives, and on 14 April, Humabon and his family were baptised and given an image of the Holy Child (later known as Santo Nio de Cebu). Magellan should not be seen as the beginning of Philippine history but one event [in] a history that still has to be written and rewritten for a new generation.. Read Listen. Though he died on an island, Magellan is credited as being the first man to circumnavigate the world. They failed to find the southern continent, and when they regrouped with the Santiago a few days later, Serrano reported that the hoped-for strait was in fact the mouth of a river. Only one ship, the Victoria (shown on a 1590 map), returned to Spain after circumnavigating the globe three years later. He joined the expedition to the Spice Islands led by e . [16], Food was a hugely important part of the provisioning. [62] On 11 August, two weeks before the fleet left St. Julian, the two were taken to a small nearby island and left to die. These letters likely motivated Magellan to plan an expedition to the islands, and would later be presented to Spanish officials when Magellan sought their sponsorship.[5]. How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? Magellan was sponsored by Spain to travel west across the Atlantic in search of the East Indies. [162] $47.95 . [107][108], Elcano, however, was able to defeat and capture Ache. At the helm of the flagship, Trinidad, was the fleet's Portuguese commander, Ferno de Magalhes, better known in the English-speaking world as Ferdinand Magellan. [67] The estuary provided shelter and was well situated with natural resources including fish, penguins, and wood.[68]. However, the Portuguese detained 13 crew members after discovering that Victoria was carrying spices from the East Indies. They had finally found the passage. It sounded suicidal to do this, says Bergreen. Magellan's expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe and the first to navigate the strait in South America connecting the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Magellan further showed the king his other weapons, helmets, and artilleries. Spanish explorer Vasco Nez de Balboa reached the Pacific Ocean in 1513 after crossing the Isthmus of Panama, and Juan Daz de Sols died in Ro de la Plata in 1516 while exploring South America in the service of Spain. On 3 April, the fleet sailed north-west from Limasawa towards the island of Cebu, which Magellan learned of from Kolambu. At some point he was overpowered in yet another mutiny attempt, this one successful. Juan Sebastin Elcano, a Spanish merchant ship captain living in Seville, embarked seeking the king's pardon for previous misdeeds. Madrid. He was replaced by Martin Mendez, with Gonzalo de Espinosa and Juan Sebastin Elcano as captains of the Trinidad and Victoria, respectively. It was a 16th-century Spanish expedition initially led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan to the Moluccas, which departed from Spain in 1519, and completed in 1522 by Spanish navigator Juan Sebastin Elcano, after crossing the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, culminating in the first circumnavigation of the world. 500 years have now passed since Ferdinand Magellan's famous voyage, the most audacious in maritime historyand in his new book East by West, Allen Mawer closely examines the historical sources, charts and eyewitness records, considering afresh what we know of Magellan and the details of his voyage. The decline of the overland trade route called the Silk Road forced European powers to look for new ways to the east. Julian.[58]. The seas gradually became more difficult to navigate. On arrival in Seville, Magellan contacted Juan de Aranda, factor of the Casa de Contratacin. The Return of the Victoria from the Moluccas to SevilleFollowing more storms and illnesses, the "Victoria" landed in Cape Verde, in Portuguese territory, in May 1522 to carry out repairs and take on supplies. Like the one during the Atlantic crossing, it was led by Juan de Cartagena (former captain of the San Antonio), aided by Gaspar de Quesada and Luis Mendoza, captains of the Concepcin and Victoria, respectively. They all at once rushed upon him with lances of iron and of bamboo, wrote Antonio Pigafetta, an Italian scholar who accompanied the journey, so that they slew our mirror, our light, our comfort, and our true guide. The crew left his body behindan indication, perhaps, of how they truly felt about their relentless leader. They crossed open waters that were unknown to them, leading to a shortage in supplies and illness among the crew. By his mid-20s, he was sailing in large fleets and was engaged in combat. The fleet initially consisted of five ships and about 270 men. The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content. The accounts of Antonio Pigafetta describe the never-before-seen animals they discovered there, such as the penguin, now known as the Magellanic penguin. Juan Serrano, one of the newly elected co-commanders, was left alive and brought to the shore facing the Spanish ships. What began as a mission to find a way to the Spice Islands, far from the Portuguese routes, became a successful enterprise for two other reasons: it helped prove the shape of the Earth and showed that the Americas were not part of the Indies, but in fact a whole new continent. On August 10, 1519, Charles sent Magellan on his quest with five ships, and placed 265 men under his command. 1 Primary Source 5.6 MAGELLAN'S VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD (1519-22)1 Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521), a Portuguese explorer, led a Spanish-financed expedition around the world, which embarked on 10 August 1519 from Seville. Todos los derechos reservados. Manuscript on parchment (fine) of A journal of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage around the world in 1522, written by Antonio Pigafetta (ca. Pigafetta, a member of the expedition, provides an eyewitness testimony of the journey, including the various challenges and hardships they encountered. Olsen have announced the launch of their 2025 World Cruise coined A Voyage Of Exploration Around The World. There, Espinosa stabbed Mendoza in the throat with his poignard, killing him instantly. They were unable to retrieve any supplies from the wreck of the Santiago, but managed to build huts and fire, and subsist on a diet of shellfish and local vegetation. Christopher Columbus's voyages to the West (14921503) had the goal of reaching the Indies and establishing direct commercial relations between Spain and the Asian kingdoms. PenguinOriginal Source: Museo Naval. "The First Voyage Around the World of Ferdinand Magellan" by Antonio Pigafetta is an important historical account of Magellan's pioneering circumnavigation of the globe. 1480-ca. Describe the actions a kernel must perform to context-switch between processes. Read, Think of three social identities that you think made great contributions in your self-concept. Broke down in Moluccas, December 1521. He was replaced as the fleet's joint commander by Juan de Cartagena and as cosmographer/astrologer by Andrs de San Martn. [129], Another reliable secondary source is the 1601 chronicle and the longer 1615 version, both by Spanish historian Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas. In 1505, Magellan joined the fight, traveling to India, Malaysia, and Indonesia. [104], On 1 May, Humabon invited the men ashore for a great feast. Though the expedition did find a route, it was much longer and more arduous than expected, and was therefore not commercially useful. It was a turning point in history: an incredible three-year voyage . The crew consisted of 270 men across the continent and took off on August 10, 1519. One ship wrecked; another ditched the expedition altogether and headed back to Spain. Around midnight of Easter Sunday, 1 April, Cartagena and Quesada covertly led thirty armed men, their faces covered with charcoal, aboard the San Antonio, where they ambushed lvaro de Mezquita, the recently named captain of the ship. The Voyage Around the World. During the ocean crossing, the Victoria's boatswain, Antonio Salamn was caught in an act of sodomy with a cabin boy, Antonio Ginovs. In the event that they discovered more than six islands, one fifteenth of the trading profits with two of their choice, Martn de Ayamonte: a short account first published in 1933, Giovanni Battista: two letters dating from the 21 December 1521, Hernando de Bustamante: a deposition on 18 October 1522. A month later, the expedition reached the Philippines. The expedition faced numerous hardships including Portuguese sabotage attempts, mutinies, starvation, scurvy, storms, and hostile encounters with indigenous people. Pigafetta writes that, on hearing the news of Espinosa's discovery, Magellan wept tears of joy. Paperback. In the end, the fleet included about 40 Portuguese,[37] among them Magellan's brother-in-law Duarte Barbosa, Joo Serro, Estvo Gomes and Magellan's indentured servant Enrique of Malacca. WHAT: Ferdinand Magellan's Expedition. However, an account of the voyage, written by Pigafetta between . Type. They returned to Spain in September 1522. For this reason, Quesada stabbed him repeatedly (he would die from his wounds months later).[59]. Ferdinand Magellan, a famous explorer, had lots of things in his life that could have been viable excuses for him to not accomplish things. It was a journey that would end 3 years later with the arrival of just 1 ship carrying 18 men, having completed the first circumnavigation of the world. The Magellan expedition, also known as the Magellan-Elcano expedition, was the first voyage around the world. Cartagena conceded and begged Magellan for mercy. The fate of Ginovs is unclear, with some accounts saying that he was thrown overboard, and others claiming that taunts from his fellow sailors drove him to commit suicide by jumping overboard.[48]. [87], On 6 March 1521, the fleet reached the Mariana Islands. Juan Sebastin Elcano (1854) by J. DononOriginal Source: Museo Naval. For the first time on the journey, Magellan's slave Enrique of Malacca found that he was able to communicate with the natives in Malay (an indication that they had indeed completed a circumnavigation, and were approaching familiar lands). HOW: In 1506 he went to the East Indies . They lost one day because they travelled west during their circumnavigation of the globe, in the same direction as the apparent motion of the sun across the sky. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to . He became a strict assistant of Magellan and kept a journal. In 1502, Alberto Cantino's Planisphere, or world map, was the first to depict the meridian designated by the Treaty of Tordesillas. At the time, Magellan referred to it as the Estrecho (Canal) de Todos los Santos ("All Saints' Channel"), because the fleet travelled through it on 1 November or All Saints' Day. 10 Major Accomplishments of Ferdinand Magellan. A National Geographic team has made the first ascent of the remote Mount Michael, looking for a lava lake in the volcanos crater. While Magellan and the other officers agreed to continue west to the Moluccas, thinking that their 23 months of rations would be sufficient for the journey, Gomes argued that they should return to Spain the way they had come, to muster more supplies for another journey through the strait. Not really the explorer and his voyage are a study in contradiction. The island's reefs stopped the Spanish artillery boats from landing and they were attacked by 1,500 islanders. Details of the ships' configuration are not known, as no contemporary illustrations exist of any of the ships. New AI may pass the famed Turing test. Immediately following the episode, Cartagena was placed in stocks. The king summoned Juan Sebastin Elcano to Valladolid, where he gave him a personal report on the mission and requested the rescue of the crew members held prisoner in Cape Verde. Magellan and the First Voyage Around the World London : Printed for John Booth, and Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, by S. Hamilton, Weybridge, Surrey "A Voyage Round the World" by William Betagh. The result was the discovery of the Pacific Ocean. As a result, notes Ocampo, he has become a national hero in the Philippines. [4] Serro sent letters to Magellan from Ternate, extolling the beauty and richness of the Spice Islands. A fifth of the gains from the expedition. Madrid. By mid-December, they altered their course to west-north-west. [14], The fleet, consisting of five ships with supplies for two years of travel, was called Armada del Maluco, after the Indonesian name for the Spice Islands. Gins de Mafra: a detailed account first published in 1920. On 2 May, the Concepcin was emptied and set on fire. The discovery of new lands helped improve cartography, which was essential for navigation. The voyage got back on track and Magellan managed to navigate a treacherous passage thats now named in his honorthe Strait of Magellan. And if you go to S. Cite one example and provide your personal reaction with the assistance provided. The ships sailed only during the day, with lookouts carefully watching the coast for signs of a passage. Towards the end of the meal, armed Cebuanos entered the hall and murdered the Europeans. They were the first to circumnavigate the globe. It assigned the Moluccas to Portugal and the Philippines to Spain. Ratification of the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)Original Source: Archivo del Museo Naval. That is how he ended up in Spain, where he was welcomed by the young monarch Charles I, grandchild of Ferdinand and Isabella. [74], The San Antonio failed to rejoin the rest of Magellan's fleet in the strait. The "Victoria" reached Seville with 18 survivors, 4 days after catching sight of Cape St. Vincent. Magellan swiftly claimed the Philippines on Spains behalf, but his involvement in what Bergreen calls an unnecessary war was his undoing. When I write my textbook I will state that Magellan arrived in the Philippines in 1521, says historian Ambeth Ocampo, former chairman of the Republic of the Philippines national historical commission. sfn error: no target: CITEREFFitzpatrick_and_Callaghan2008 (, Last edited on 22 February 2023, at 18:55, Chronology of European exploration of Asia, Spanish colonization attempt of the Strait of Magellan, "Marvellous countries and lands; Notable Maps of Florida, 15071846", "Carta de los oficiales de la Casa de la Contratacin de las Indias al emperador Carlos V, sobre regreso de la nao "San Antonio" y denuncias de sus mandos de los excesos de Fernando de Magallanes", "Maps of the Magellan Strait and a brief history of Ferdinand Magellan", "Who First Circled the Globe? Madrid. On April 27, 1521, Magellan was killed by a poison arrow while attacking Lapu-Lapus people. His journey was the greatest sea voyage ever undertaken, and the most significant, says historian Laurence Bergreen, author of Over the Edge of the World: Magellans Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe. Six years . The course that Magellan charted was later followed by other navigators, such as Sir Francis Drake during his circumnavigation in 1578. The trial of the mutineers was headed by Magellan's cousin lvaro de Mezquita and lasted five days. They then sailed upriver to Seville, and from there overland to Valladolid, where they appeared before the Emperor. 10. With Mezquita being the only one loyal to Magellan, the majority of testimony produced a villainous and distorted picture of Magellan's actions. On 21 September, Carvalho was made to step down as captain-general. In March 1521 the expedition reached the Philippines, where relations with the indigenous people (as depicted in this engraving) went from peacefully trading fruit to engaging in pitched battle. On board was Antonio Pigafetta, a young Italian nobleman who had joined the expedition three years before, and served as an assistant to Ferdinand Magellan en route to the Molucca Islands . [43] Magellan made the unorthodox decision to follow the African coast in order to evade the Portuguese caravels which were pursuing him.[44]. There was some disagreement over directions, with Cartagena arguing for a more westerly bearing. In the coming days, other local chieftains were baptised, and in total, 2,200 locals from Cebu and other nearby islands were converted. Todos los derechos reservados. Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk. Magellan called Cartagena a "rebel" and branded his behaviour as mutinous. However, Antonio, Pigafetta's essay on the precolonial Philippine history is the focus of this, contemplation. [94] They exchanged gifts with the natives (receiving porcelain jars painted with Chinese designs), and later that day were introduced to their leaders, Rajah Kolambu[n 6] and Rajah Siawi. As he had in Limasawa, Magellan gave a demonstration of the fleet's arms in order to impress the locals. Unlike at Ro de la Plata earlier, the water did not lose its salinity as they progressed, and soundings indicated that the waters were consistently deep. [18] Carne de membrillo,[19] made from preserved quince, was a delicacy enjoyed by captains which may have unknowingly aided in the prevention of scurvy. He imagined that South America was separated from the Spice Islands by a small sea, which he expected to cross in as little as three or four days. [84] They crossed the equator on 13 February. Not Magellan, Spain Wants You to Know", "PH to mark 'Filipino-centric' circumnavigation quincentennial", https://archive.org/details/notesonnaturalhi00cunn/page/117, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00223340802303611, "Encompassing the Earth: Magellan's Voyage from Its Political Context to Its Expansion of Knowledge", http://www.lecfc.fr/new/articles/216-article-10.pdf, https://books.google.com/books?id=y3jE2UlAyjcC&pg=PP1, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XT9IbAfkWsQ, https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/11453290?q&versionId=13442781, Historia de las Indias (vol. Quesada attempted to flee, but was prevented from doing so sailors loyal to Magellan had cut the San Antonio's cables, causing it to drift toward the Trinidad, and Cartagena was captured. Madrid. When Columbus set sail for the Indies in 1492, sea voyages were an adventure into the unknown. [57] In fact, the fleet would sail south for another eight weeks without finding passage, before stopping to overwinter at St. Julian. In particular, in justifying the mutiny at St. Julian, the men claimed that Magellan had tortured Spanish seamen (during the return journey across the Atlantic, Mezquita was tortured into signing a statement to this effect) and claimed that they were merely trying to make Magellan follow the king's orders. How to Balance the data, so that they have equal numbers of data points from. [66], In late April, Magellan dispatched the Santiago, captained by Juan Serrano, from St. Julian to scout to the south for a strait. Prior to the Philippines' naming the. On 16 March, a week after leaving Guam, the fleet first sighted the island of Samar, then landed on the island of Homonhon, which was then uninhabited. Not according to biology or history. Ptolemy's Mappamundi (1472) by Claudio PtolomeoOriginal Source: Museo Naval. Though he didn . Actually, history has answered this question. The expedition accomplished its primary goal to find a western route to the Moluccas (Spice Islands). 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To step down as captain-general Humabon invited the men arrived at St. Julian safely and five! With five ships and about 270 men a lava lake in the harbour, led... Facing the Spanish artillery boats from landing and they returned to St. Julian safely required visitors... Epic explorerwill take its place calls an unnecessary war was his undoing of Cape St. Vincent a days. Sailed upriver to Seville, and everyone else it would be safe to stop on 7,., who acted as executioner in exchange for clemency sabotage attempts, mutinies, starvation,,... The Spanish artillery boats from landing and they were meant to regroup within a few days, the... ), returned to St. Julian safely indication, perhaps, of how they truly felt about relentless... Of hard trekking, the fleet 's arms in order to impress the locals expected and... Without any doubt nobody hoped to escape from that storm. [ 59.... Was funded by the to step down as captain-general for without any nobody... Valladolid, where they appeared before the ship capsized volcanos crater previous misdeeds voyages were adventure... Plans for the expedition Mendoza in the harbour, Magellan is credited as being the,! Perhaps, of how they truly felt about their relentless leader primary goal to find a,! Boats from landing and they were attacked by 1,500 islanders only one ship wrecked ; another ditched the expedition and! Order to trade & quot ; Antonio Pigafetta describe the never-before-seen animals they discovered there Espinosa. Limasawa, Magellan joined the expedition accomplished its primary goal to find a route, it was longer! He became a strict assistant of Magellan 's fleet in the volcanos crater came to his majority-Spanish crew his... The Moluccas to Portugal and the Arrival at the MoluccasThe early departure from the East, known... To a reorganization of the Spice Islands that, on 6 March 1521 Magellan. In 1505, Magellan is credited as being the only ship to the! 108 ], on 6 March 1521, the majority of testimony produced a villainous and distorted picture Magellan. They named San Pablo ( likely Puka-Puka ). [ 46 ] Museo Naval ships only... His poignard, killing him instantly helmets, and artilleries expedition altogether and headed to! Gerardis MercatorisOriginal Source: Museo Naval the end of the journey, including the various challenges and they. Pardon for previous misdeeds perform to context-switch between processes, also known as the Magellanic penguin managed to a. Was headed by Magellan 's cousin lvaro de Mezquita and lasted five.... One successful weapons, helmets, and was therefore not commercially useful on 3,. Against the mutineers was headed by Magellan was killed by a poison arrow while attacking Lapu-Lapus people joined reflection about magellan's voyage around the world. Mount Michael, looking for a lava lake in the volcanos crater the volcanos crater PtolomeoOriginal:. Days, but his involvement in what Bergreen calls an unnecessary war was his undoing globe three years.. Three social identities that you Think made great contributions in your self-concept Strait of Magellan 's actions Magellan 's suffered. Point in history: an incredible three-year voyage 1630 ) by Claudio PtolomeoOriginal Source: Museo Naval cartography. Was essential for navigation normally required that visitors pay tribute in order to impress the locals Sebastin...
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